1. Which congruence criterion do you use in the following?
(a) Given: AC = DF
AB = DE
BC = EF
So, ΔABC ≅ ΔDEF
Solution:-
By SSS congruence property:- Two triangles are congruent if the three sides of one triangle are respectively equal to the three sides of the other triangle.
ΔABC ≅ ΔDEF
(b) Given: ZX = RP
RQ = ZY
∠PRQ = ∠XZY
So, ΔPQR ≅ ΔXYZ
Solution:-
By SAS congruence property:- Two triangles are congruent if the two sides and the included angle of one are respectively equal to the two sides and the included angle of the other.
ΔACB ≅ ΔDEF
(c) Given: ∠MLN = ∠FGH
∠NML = ∠GFH
∠ML = ∠FG
So, ΔLMN ≅ ΔGFH
Solution:-
By ASA congruence property:- Two triangles are congruent if the two angles and the included side of one are respectively equal to the two angles and the included side of the other.
ΔLMN ≅ ΔGFH
(d) Given: EB = DB
AE = BC
∠A = ∠C = 90o
So, ΔABE ≅ ΔACD
Solution:-
By RHS congruence property:- Two right triangles are congruent if the hypotenuse and one side of the first triangle are respectively equal to the hypotenuse and one side of the second.
ΔABE ≅ ΔACD
2. You want to show that ΔART ≅ ΔPEN,
(a) If you have to use SSS criterion, then you need to show
(i) AR = (ii) RT = (iii) AT =
Solution:-
We know that,
SSS criterion is defined as, two triangles are congruent if the three sides of one triangle are respectively equal to the three sides of the other triangle.
∴ (i) AR = PE
(ii) RT = EN
(iii) AT = PN
(b) If it is given that ∠T = ∠N and you are to use SAS criterion, you need to have
(i) RT = and (ii) PN =
Solution:-
We know that,
SAS criterion is defined as, two triangles are congruent if the two sides and the included angle of one are respectively equal to the two sides and the included angle of the other.
∴ (i) RT = EN
(ii) PN = AT
(c) If it is given that AT = PN and you are to use ASA criterion, you need to have
(i) ? (ii) ?
Solution:-
We know that,
ASA criterion is defined as, two triangles are congruent if the two angles and the included side of one are respectively equal to the two angles and the included side of the other.
Then,
(i) ∠ATR = ∠PNE
(ii) ∠RAT = ∠EPN
3. You have to show that ΔAMP ≅ ΔAMQ.
In the following proof, supply the missing reasons.
| Steps | Reasons |
| (i) PM = QM | (i) … |
| (ii) ∠PMA = ∠QMA | (ii) … |
| (iii) AM = AM | (iii) … |
| (iv) ΔAMP ≅ ΔAMQ |
(iv) … |
Solution:-
| Steps | Reasons |
| (i) PM = QM | (i) From the given figure |
| (ii) ∠PMA = ∠QMA | (ii) From the given figure |
| (iii) AM = AM | (iii) Common side for the both triangles |
| (iv) ΔAMP ≅ ΔAMQ | (iv) By SAS congruence property:- Two triangles are congruent if the two sides and the included angle of one are respectively equal to the two sides and the included angle of the other. |
4. In ΔABC, ∠A = 30o, ∠B = 40o and ∠C = 110o
In ΔPQR, ∠P = 30o, ∠Q = 40o and ∠R = 110o
A student says that ΔABC ≅ ΔPQR by AAA congruence criterion. Is he justified? Why or Why not?
Solution:-
No, because the two triangles with equal corresponding angles need not be congruent. In such a correspondence, one of them can be enlarged copy of the other.
5. In the figure, the two triangles are congruent. The corresponding parts are marked. We can write ΔRAT ≅ ?
Solution:-
From the given figure,
We may observe that,
∠TRA = ∠OWN
∠TAR = ∠NOW
∠ATR = ∠ONW
Hence, ΔRAT ≅ ΔWON
6. Complete the congruence statement:
ΔBCA ≅ ΔQRS ≅
Solution:-
First consider the ΔBCA and ΔBTA
From the figure, it is given that,
BT = BC
Then,
BA is common side for the ΔBCA and ΔBTA
Hence, ΔBCA ≅ ΔBTA
Similarly,
Consider the ΔQRS and ΔTPQ
From the figure, it is given that
PT = QR
TQ = QS
PQ = RS
Hence, ΔQRS ≅ ΔTPQ
7. In a squared sheet, draw two triangles of equal areas such that
(i) The triangles are congruent.
(ii) The triangles are not congruent.
What can you say about their perimeters?
Solution:-
(ii)
In the above figure, ΔABC and ΔDEF have equal areas.
And also, ΔABC ≅ ΔDEF
So, we can say that perimeters of ΔABC and ΔDEF are equal.
(ii)
In the above figure, ΔLMN and ΔOPQ
ΔLMN is not congruent to ΔOPQ
So, we can also say that their perimeters are not same.
8. Draw a rough sketch of two triangles such that they have five pairs of congruent parts but still the triangles are not congruent.
Solution:-
Let us draw triangles LMN and FGH.
In the above figure, all angles of two triangles are equal. But, out of three sides only two sides are equal.
Hence, ΔLMN is not congruent to ΔFGH.
9. If ΔABC and ΔPQR are to be congruent, name one additional pair of corresponding parts. What criterion did you use?
Solution:-
By observing the given figure, we can say that
∠ABC = ∠PQR
∠BCA = ∠PRQ
The other additional pair of corresponding part is BC = QR
∴ ΔABC ≅ ΔPQR
10. Explain, why ΔABC ≅ ΔFED
Solution:-
From the figure, it is given that,
∠ABC = ∠DEF = 90o
∠BAC = ∠DFE
BC = DE
By ASA congruence property, two triangles are congruent if the two angles and the included side of one are respectively equal to the two angles and the included side of the other.
ΔABC ≅ ΔFED