Exercise 8.3 Page: 171
1. Tell what is the profit or loss in the following transactions. Also find profit per cent or loss per cent in each case.
(a) Gardening shears bought for Rs 250 and sold for Rs 325.
Solution:-
From the question, it is given that
Cost price of gardening shears = Rs 250
Selling price of gardening shears = Rs 325
Since (SP) > (CP), so there is a profit
Profit = (SP) – (CP)
= Rs (325 – 250)
= Rs 75
Profit % = {(Profit/CP) × 100}
= {(75/250) × 100}
= {7500/250}
= 750/25
= 30%
(b) A refrigerator bought for Rs 12,000 and sold at Rs 13,500.
Solution:-
From the question, it is given that
Cost price of refrigerator = Rs 12000
Selling price of refrigerator = Rs 13500
Since (SP) > (CP), so there is a profit
Profit = (SP) – (CP)
= Rs (13500 – 12000)
= Rs 1500
Profit % = {(Profit/CP) × 100}
= {(1500/12000) × 100}
= {150000/12000}
= 150/12
= 12.5%
(c) A cupboard bought for Rs 2,500 and sold at Rs 3,000.
Solution:-
From the question, it is given that
Cost price of cupboard = Rs 2500
Selling price of cupboard = Rs 3000
Since (SP) > (CP), so there is a profit
Profit = (SP) – (CP)
= Rs (3000 – 2500)
= Rs 500
Profit % = {(Profit/CP) × 100}
= {(500/2500) × 100}
= {50000/2500}
= 500/25
= 20%
(d) A skirt bought for Rs 250 and sold at Rs 150.
Solution:-
Since (SP) < (CP), so there is a loss
Loss = (CP) – (SP)
= Rs (250 – 150)
= Rs 100
Loss % = {(Loss/CP) × 100}
= {(100/250) × 100}
= {10000/250}
= 40%
2. Convert each part of the ratio to percentage:
(a) 3 : 1
Solution:-
We have to find total parts by adding the given ratio = 3 + 1 = 4
1st part = ¾ = (¾) × 100 %
= 3 × 25%
= 75%
2nd part = ¼ = (¼) × 100%
= 1 × 25
= 25%
(b) 2: 3: 5
Solution:-
We have to find total parts by adding the given ratio = 2 + 3 + 5 = 10
1st part = 2/10 = (2/10) × 100 %
= 2 × 10%
= 20%
2nd part = 3/10 = (3/10) × 100%
= 3 × 10
= 30%
3rd part = 5/10 = (5/10) × 100%
= 5 × 10
= 50%
(c) 1:4
Solution:-
We have to find total parts by adding the given ratio = 1 + 4 = 5
1st part = (1/5) = (1/5) × 100 %
= 1 × 20%
= 20%
2nd part = (4/5) = (4/5) × 100%
= 4 × 20
= 80%
(d) 1: 2: 5
Solution:-
We have to find total parts by adding the given ratio = 1 + 2 + 5 = 8
1st part = 1/8 = (1/8) × 100 %
= (100/8) %
= 12.5%
2nd part = 2/8 = (2/8) × 100%
= (200/8)
= 25%
3rd part = 5/8 = (5/8) × 100%
= (500/8)
= 62.5%
3. The population of a city decreased from 25,000 to 24,500. Find the percentage decrease.
Solution:-
From the question, it is given that
Initial population of the city = 25000
Final population of the city = 24500
Population decrease = Initial population – Final population
= 25000 – 24500
= 500
Then,
Percentage decrease in population = (population decrease/Initial population) × 100
= (500/25000) × 100
= (50000/25000)
= 50/25
= 2%
4. Arun bought a car for Rs 3,50,000. The next year, the price went upto Rs 3,70,000. What was the Percentage of price increase?
Solution:-
From the question, it is given that
Arun bought a car for = Rs 350000
The price of the car in the next year, went up to = Rs 370000
Then increase in price of car = Rs 370000 – Rs 350000
= Rs 20000
The percentage of price increase = (Rs 20000/ Rs 350000) × 100
= (2/35) × 100
= 200/35
= 40/7
By using the formula, we have:
CP = Rs {(100/ (100 – loss %)) × SP}
= {(100/ (100 – 20)) × 13500}
= {(100/ 80) × 13500}
= {1350000/80}
= {135000/8}
= ₹ 16875
7. (i) Chalk contains calcium, carbon and oxygen in the ratio 10:3:12. Find the percentage of carbon in chalk.
Solution:-
From the question it is given that,
The ratio of calcium, carbon and oxygen in chalk = 10: 3: 12
So, total part = 10 + 3 + 12 = 25
In that total part amount of carbon = 3/25
Then,
Percentage of carbon = (3/25) × 100
= 3 × 4
= 12 %
(ii) If in a stick of chalk, carbon is 3g, what is the weight of the chalk stick?
Solution:-
From the question it is given that,
Weight of carbon in the chalk = 3g
Let us assume the weight of the stick be x
Then,
12% of x = 3
(12/100) × (x) = 3
X = 3 × (100/12)
X = 1 × (100/4)
X = 25g
∴The weight of the stick is 25g.
8. Amina buys a book for Rs 275 and sells it at a loss of 15%. How much does she sell it for?
Solution:-
From the question, it is given that
Cost price of book = Rs 275
Percentage of loss = 15%
Now, we have to find the selling price book,
By using the formula, we have:
SP = {((100 – loss %) /100) × CP)}
= {((100 – 15) /100) × 275)}
= {(85 /100) × 275}
= 23375/100
= Rs 233.75
9. Find the amount to be paid at the end of 3 years in each case:
(a) Principal = Rs 1,200 at 12% p.a.
Solution:-
Given: – Principal (P) = Rs 1200, Rate (R) = 12% p.a. and Time (T) = 3years.
If interest is calculated uniformly on the original principal throughout the loan period, it is called Simple interest (SI).
SI = (P × R × T)/100
= (1200 × 12 × 3)/ 100
= (12 × 12 × 3)/ 1
= Rs432
Amount = (principal + SI)
= (1200 + 432)
= Rs 1632
(b) Principal = Rs 7,500 at 5% p.a.
Solution:-
Given: – Principal (P) = Rs 7500, Rate (R) = 5% p.a. and Time (T) = 3years.
If interest is calculated uniformly on the original principal throughout the loan period, it is called Simple interest (SI).
SI = (P × R × T)/100
= (7500 × 5 × 3)/ 100
= (75 × 5 × 3)/ 1
= Rs 1125
Amount = (principal + SI)
= (7500 + 1125)
= Rs 8625
10. What rate gives Rs 280 as interest on a sum of Rs 56,000 in 2 years?
Solution:-
Given: – P = Rs 56000, SI = Rs 280, t = 2 years.
We know that,
R = (100 × SI) / (P × T)
= (100 × 280)/ (56000 × 2)
= (1 × 28) / (56 × 2)
= (1 × 14) / (56 × 1)
= (1 × 1) / (4 × 1)
= (1/ 4)
= 0.25%
11. If Meena gives an interest of Rs 45 for one year at 9% rate p.a. What is the sum she has borrowed?
Solution:-
From the question it is given that, SI = Rs 45, R = 9%, T = 1 year, P =?
SI = (P × R × T)/100
45 = (P × 9 × 1)/ 100
P = (45 ×100)/ 9
= 5 × 100
= Rs 500
Hence, she borrowed Rs 500.