Question 1.
Name the elements that determine the weather of a place.
Solution:
The elements that determine the weather of a place are:
(i) temperature,
(ii) humidity,
(iii) rainfall, and
(iv) wind-speed.

Question 2.
When are the maximum and minimum temperatures likely to occur during the day?
Solution:
The maximum temperature of the day occurs generally in the afternoon while the minimum temperature occurs generally in the early morning.

Question 3.
Fill in the blanks :

1.  The average weather taken over a long time is called ………..
2. A place receives very little rainfall and the temperature is high throughout the year, the climate of that place will be ………. and ………..
3.  The two regions of the earth with extreme climatic conditions are ………. and ……….
   

Solution:

1. climate
2.  hot; dry
3.  pole; desert.

Question 4.
Indicate the type of climate of the following areas :

1.  Jammu and Kashmir : ………………..
2.  Kerala : ………………..
3.  Rajasthan : ………………..
4.  North-east India : ………………..

Solution:

1.  Cold and wet
2.  Hot and wet
3.  Hot and dry
4.  Hot and wet.

Question 5.
Which of the two changes frequently, weather or climate?
Solution:
It is the weather that changes frequently because it is such a complex phenomenon that it can vary over a very short period of time.

Question 6.
Following are some of characteristics of animals :

1. Diets heavy on fruits
2. White fur
3. Need to migrate
4. Loud voice
5. Sticky pads on feet
6. Layer of fat under skin
7. Wide and large paws
8. Bright colours
9. Strong tails
10. Long and large beak

For each characteristic indicate whether it is an adaptation for tropical rainforests or polar regions. Do you think that some of these characteristics can be adapted for both regions?
Solution:

1. Tropical rainforests
2. Polar regions
3. Polar regions
4. Tropical rainforests
5. Tropical rainforests
6. Tropical rainforests
7. Polar regions
8. Tropical rainforests
9. Tropical rainforests
10. Tropical rainforests

Question 7.
The tropical rainforest has a large population of animals. Explain why it is so.
Solution:
Because of continuous warmth and rain, the tropical rainforest region supports a wide variety of plants and animals. The climatic conditions in rainforests are highly supportive and suitable for an enormous number and variety of animals. This is the reason that the tropical rainforest has a large population of animals.

Question 8.
Explain, with examples, why we find animals of certain kind living in particular climatic conditions.
Solution:
The organisms interact with the environment to survive. So, it is necessary for the organisms to have characteristics that suits the environment. Let us take the example of polar bear. Polar bears have white fur so that they are not easily visible in the snowy white background. It protects them from their predators. It also helps them in catching their prey. To protect them from extreme cold, they have two thick layers of fur. They also have a layer of fat under their skin. In fact, they are so well-insulated that they have to move slowly and rest often to avoid getting overheated.

Physical activities on warm days necessitate cooling. So, the polar bear goes for swimming. It is a good swimmer. Its paws are wide and large, which help it not only to swim well but also walk with ease in the snow. While swimming under water, it can close its nostrils and can remain under water for long durations. It has a strong sense of smell so that it can catch its prey for food.

Question 9.
How do elephants living in the tropical rainforest adapt themselves?
Solution:
The elephant is well adapted to live in rainforests. It uses its trunk as a nose because it has a strong sense of smell. The trunk is also used for picking up food. The adult elephant has modified teeth, called tusks. They use them to tear the bark of trees, which is their favourite food. They have large ears with a keen sense of hearing which also helps them to lose heat from the body to keep cool.

Choose the correct option which answers the following question:

Question 10.
A carnivore with stripes on its body moves very fast while  catching its prey. It is likely to be found in

1. polar regions
2. deserts
3. oceans
4. tropical rainforests

Solution:
4. tropical rainforests.

Question 11.
Which features adapt polar bears to live in extremely cold climate?

1. A white fur, fat below skin, keen sense of smell.
2. Thin the skin, large eyes, white fur.
3. A long tail, strong claws, white large paws.
4. White body, paws for swimming, gills for respiration.

Solution:
1. A white fur, fat below skin, keen sense of smell.

Question 12.
Which option best describes a tropical region?

1.  hot and humid
2.  moderate temperature, heavy rainfall
3.  cold and humid
4.  hot and dry

Solution:
1. hot and humid.