Exercise 14.1 Page: 270

1. A survey was conducted by a group of students as a part of their environment awareness program, in which they collected the following data regarding the number of plants in 20 houses in a locality. Find the mean number of plants per house.

Which method did you use for finding the mean, and why?

Solution:

In order to find the mean value, we will use direct method because the numerical value of f_i and x_i are small.

Find the midpoint of the given interval using the formula.

Midpoint (x_i) = (upper limit + lower limit)/2

The formula to find the mean is:

Mean = x̄ = ∑f_i x_i /∑f_i 

= 162/20

= 8.1
Therefore, the mean number of plants per house is 8.1

2. Consider the following distribution of daily wages of 50 workers of a factory.

Find the mean daily wages of the workers of the factory by using an appropriate method.

Solution:

Find the midpoint of the given interval using the formula.

Midpoint (x_i) = (upper limit + lower limit)/2

In this case, the value of mid-point (x_i) is very large, so let us assume the mean value, A = 150 and class interval is h = 20.

So, u_i = (x_i – A)/h = u_i  = (x_i – 150)/20

Substitute and find the values as follows:

So, the formula to find out the mean is:

Mean = x̄ = A + h∑f_iu_i /∑f_i =150 + (20 × -12/50) = 150 – 4.8 = 145.20

Thus, mean daily wage of the workers = Rs. 145.20

3. The following distribution shows the daily pocket allowance of children of a locality. The mean pocket allowance is Rs 18. Find the missing frequency f.

Solution:

To find out the missing frequency, use the mean formula.

Here, the value of mid-point (x_i)  mean x̄ = 18

The mean formula is

Mean = x̄ = ∑f_ix_i /∑f_i = (752+20f)/(44+f)

Now substitute the values and equate to find the missing frequency (f)

⇒ 18 = (752+20f)/(44+f)

⇒ 18(44+f) = (752+20f)

⇒ 792+18f = 752+20f

⇒ 792+18f = 752+20f

⇒ 792 – 752 = 20f – 18f

⇒ 40 = 2f

⇒ f = 20

So, the missing frequency, f = 20.

4. Thirty women were examined in a hospital by a doctor and the number of heart beats per minute were recorded and summarized as follows. Find the mean heart beats per minute for these women, choosing a suitable method.

Solution:

From the given data, let us assume the mean as A = 75.5

x_i = (Upper limit + Lower limit)/2

Class size (h) = 3

Now, find the u_i and f_iu_i as follows:

Mean = x̄ = A + h∑f_iu_i /∑f_i 

= 75.5 + 3×(4/30)

= 75.5 + 4/10

= 75.5 + 0.4

= 75.9

Therefore, the mean heart beats per minute for these women is 75.9

5. In a retail market, fruit vendors were selling mangoes kept in packing boxes. These boxes contained varying number of mangoes. The following was the distribution of mangoes according to the number of boxes.

Find the mean number of mangoes kept in a packing box. Which method of finding the mean did you choose?

Solution:

Since, the given data is not continuous so we add 0.5 to the upper limit and subtract 0.45 from the lower limit as the gap between two intervals are 1

Here, assumed mean (A) = 57

Class size (h) = 3

Here, the step deviation is used because the frequency values are big.

The formula to find out the Mean is:

Mean = x̄ = A +h ∑f_id_i /∑f_i 

= 57 + 3(75/400)

= 57 + 0.1875

= 57.19

Therefore, the mean number of mangoes kept in a packing box is 57.19

6. The table below shows the daily expenditure on food of 25 households in a locality. Find the mean daily expenditure on food by a suitable method.

Solution:

Find the midpoint of the given interval using the formula.

Midpoint (x_i) = (upper limit + lower limit)/2

Let is assume the mean (A) = 225

Class size (h) = 50

Mean = x̄ = A +h∑f_iu_i /∑f_i

= 225+50(-7/25)

= 225-14

= 211

Therefore, the mean daily expenditure on food is 211

7. To find out the concentration of SO₂ in the air (in parts per million, i.e., ppm), the data was collected for 30 localities in a certain city and is presented below:

Find the mean concentration of SO₂ in the air.

Solution:

To find out the mean, first find the midpoint of the given frequencies as follows:

The formula to find out the mean is

Mean = x̄ = ∑f_ix_i /∑f_i

= 2.96/30

= 0.099 ppm

Therefore, the mean concentration of SO₂ in air is 0.099 ppm.

8. A class teacher has the following absentee record of 40 students of a class for the whole
term. Find the mean number of days a student was absent.

Solution:

Find the midpoint of the given interval using the formula.

Midpoint (x_i) = (upper limit + lower limit)/2

The mean formula is,

Mean = x̄ = ∑f_ix_i /∑f_i

= 499/40

= 12.48 days

Therefore, the mean number of days a student was absent = 12.48.

9. The following table gives the literacy rate (in percentage) of 35 cities. Find the mean
literacy rate.

Solution:

Find the midpoint of the given interval using the formula.

Midpoint (x_i) = (upper limit + lower limit)/2

In this case, the value of mid-point (x_i) is very large, so let us assume the mean value, A = 70 and class interval is h = 10.

So, u_i = (x_i-A)/h = u_i = (x_i-70)/10

Substitute and find the values as follows:

So, Mean = x̄ = A+(∑f_iu_i /∑f_i)×h

= 70+(-2/35)×10

= 69.42

Therefore, the mean literacy part = 69.42