Introduction || COMPOUNDS || Friedrich Wohler || IMPORTANT FEATURE OF π BONDS || Branches of Organic Compounds || Functional Group

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Chapter 12 – Organic Chemistry – Some Basic Principles & Techniques Part- 1 | Class 11th Chemistry

Chapter 12 – Organic Chemistry – Some Basic Principles & Techniques Part- 2 | Class 11th Chemistry

Chapter 12 – Organic Chemistry – Some Basic Principles & Techniques Part- 3 | Class 11th Chemistry

Introduction ( Organic Chemistry )

As we know, we come across different types of compounds in nature. Some are man-made. Out of them, organic compounds also form one of the categories.

COMPOUNDS

They are of mainly two types

Inorganic: Obtained from Mineral.

(b) Organic: Obtained from plants and animal.

Organic compounds

They play a vital role in our life.
They constitute our body, our diet, our medicine etc.
Earlier, it was thought the has made organic compounds are not possible.
Later, it was seen that preparation of these compounds are possible. Almost 95% of organic compound are manmade (prepared in laboratory).

Friedrich Wohler: -He gave a blow to vital force theory, as he accidently prepared organic compound in laboratory: –

Organic Chemistry Class 11th Chapter 12 Notes and NCERT Solution. Class 11th Chapter wise Notes and NCERT solution for students

Unique properties of carbon

TETRAVALENCY

It is a characteristic property of Carbon atom by virtue of which it can form four covalent bonds.

Atomic Number =6

1s², 2s²,2p_x¹,2p_y²,2p_z⁰

Valency =+4 or -4

It mainly forms covalent compounds.

CATENATION

“The property of forming bonds with atoms of same element and give rise to long chains, branched or un-branched chains.”

In 14^th group the Carbon –Carbon bond requires bond dissociation energy equal to 335 KJ. The Sulphur –Sulphur bond requires energy in order of 220kJ.But, the maximum catenation is shown by carbon as it forms strong bond with atom of its own kind.

IMPORTANT FEATURE OF π BONDS

In C₂H_{4 ,}the two un-hybridized orbital forming bond are parallel to each other. So, they restrict the molecule in planar shape.
Because of sidewise overlapping, rotation of one CH₂group with respect to other is hindered, as rotation will break bond. Therefore, only 2 forms are possible.
For example: C₂H₂Cl₂

(pi) bonds are more reactive sites, as they are placed above and below the plane of bonding atoms. So, more exposed to attacking agent.

Find

Problem 1:-

Q: Rewrite as bond line :

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